century
The Dutch United Provinces declared their independence from Spain in 1579; during the 17th century, they became a leading seafaring and commercial power, with settlements and colonies around the world. After a ...
www.exxun.com/Netherlands/a_fg.html
century
... Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer; one of the oldest flags in constant use, originating with William I, Prince of Orange, in the latter half of the 16th century
www.exxun.com/Netherlands/d_gv.html
century
... slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of oil refineries to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields. The ...
www.exxun.com/NetherlandsAntilles/a_fg.html
century
Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades ...
www.exxun.com/NewCaledonia/a_fg.html
century
... independent republic in 1838. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. Violent opposition to governmental manipulation ...
www.exxun.com/Nicaragua/a_fg.html
century
... control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy; independence came in ...
www.exxun.com/Nigeria/a_fg.html
century
English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
www.exxun.com/NorfolkIsland/c_pp.html
century
... constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained neutral in World War ...
www.exxun.com/Norway/a_fg.html
century
... of the area of Oman have long prospered on Indian Ocean trade. In the late 18th century, a newly established sultanate in Muscat signed the first in a series of friendship treaties ...
www.exxun.com/Oman/a_fg.html
century
... in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West ...
www.exxun.com/Pakistan/a_fg.html
century
Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela - named the Republic of Gran Colombia. When ...
www.exxun.com/Panama/a_fg.html
century
... of all adult males and much of its territory. It stagnated economically for the next half century. In the Chaco War of 1932-35, Paraguay won large, economically important areas from Bolivia. The ...
www.exxun.com/Paraguay/a_fg.html
century
The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing ...
www.exxun.com/Philippines/a_fg.html
century
English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)
www.exxun.com/PitcairnIslands/c_pp.html
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