century
... slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of oil refineries to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields. The ...
www.exxun.com/NetherlandsAntilles/a_fg.html
century
Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades ...
www.exxun.com/NewCaledonia/a_fg.html
century
... independent republic in 1838. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. Violent opposition to governmental manipulation ...
www.exxun.com/Nicaragua/a_fg.html
century
British influence and control over what would become Nigeria grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy; independence came in 1960. Following nearly ...
www.exxun.com/Nigeria/a_fg.html
century
English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
www.exxun.com/NorfolkIsland/c_pp.html
century
... constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained neutral in World War ...
www.exxun.com/Norway/a_fg.html
century
... of the area of Oman have long prospered on Indian Ocean trade. In the late 18th century, a newly established sultanate in Muscat signed the first in a series of friendship treaties ...
www.exxun.com/Oman/a_fg.html
century
... in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West ...
www.exxun.com/Pakistan/a_fg.html
century
Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela - named the Republic of Gran Colombia. When ...
www.exxun.com/Panama/a_fg.html
century
... of all adult males and much of its territory. It stagnated economically for the next half century. In the Chaco War of 1932-35, Paraguay won large, economically important areas from Bolivia. The ...
www.exxun.com/Paraguay/a_fg.html
century
The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing ...
www.exxun.com/Philippines/a_fg.html
century
English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)
www.exxun.com/PitcairnIslands/c_pp.html
century
... was conceived near the middle of the 10th century. Its golden age occurred in the 16th century. During the following century, the strengthening of the gentry and internal disorders weakened the nation ...
www.exxun.com/Poland/a_fg.html
century
... domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under ...
www.exxun.com/Russia/a_fg.html
century
... the island prospered as a trade and supply center during the colonial wars of the 18th century. France repurchased the island in 1878 and placed it under the administration of Guadeloupe. St ...
www.exxun.com/SaintBarthelemy/a_fg.html
century
... discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his ...
www.exxun.com/SaintHelena/a_fg.html
century
... in 1648. The cultivation of sugar cane introduced slavery to the island in the late 18th century; the practice was not abolished until 1848. The island became a free port in 1939 ...
www.exxun.com/SaintMartin/a_fg.html
century
First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
www.exxun.com/SaintPierreandMiquelon/a_fg.html
century
... St. Vincent until 1719. Disputed between France and the United Kingdom for most of the 18th century, the island was ceded to the latter in 1783. Between 1960 and 1962, Saint Vincent ...
www.exxun.com/SaintVincentandtheGrenadines/a_fg.html
century
... then as a trust territory until 1962, when the islands became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The country dropped the "Western" from its name in 1997
www.exxun.com/Samoa/a_fg.html
century
... 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s ...
www.exxun.com/SaoTomeandPrincipe/a_fg.html
century
... white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); design dates to the early twentieth century and is closely associated with the Al Saud family which established the kingdom in 1932
www.exxun.com/SaudiArabia/d_gv.html
century
... descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century), refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
www.exxun.com/SierraLeone/c_pp.html
